27 Mei: Kroniz went down fighting as they battled to be defeated by Wasabi Fc at MD field at friday afternoon courtesy of a superb display by two of kroniz players which played for Wasabi. The two young guns were Nasrin and Yazid who was loaned to wasabi fc that afternoon due to wasabi Fc lack of players.
Wasabi Fc looked to be cruising when Nasrin scored for Wasabi inside 20 minutes but zainal pulled one back for kroniz with a lovely loop before the break.
In the second half Wasabi scored again this time by Yazid and Roslan scored a screamer to pull back level. However with nasrin and Yazid run riot at kroniz defence and was breached again and again to make it 4-2 and with fighting sprit and not lying down kroniz close the gap again with another low shot form Roslan to make it 4-3.
Kroniz were simply giving Wasabi too much space and they paid for it again before the final whistle for the final score line of 5-3 to Wasabi Fc. The decision to loaned the two players was regretted by kroniz and lesson learned from that decision.
Friday 28 May 2010
Saturday 15 May 2010
An astonishing win for Kroniz
15 Mei: Kroniz preparation for World Cup 2010 took astonishing outcome by hammering Pasukan hal Ehwal Masjid (PHEM) at Kebajikan Field.
A truly astonishing afternoon exploded into life once with both sides played fast and hard soccer in a wet and slippery field however PTEM had put the themselves in front in the 25th minute. Given that backdrop, PHEM could have been forgiven for thinking it was 'job done' with the goal.
But then, Kroniz were at their best, they monopolised early possession and could have been in front when Rahim turned onto an off-target zainal effort and fired a first-time shot over the bar from six yards.
At about that point, PTEM's world imploded. Their goalkeeper failed to keep out routine shots from Aliuddin just before the interval to make it 1-1.
In the second half, Bob spotted Zulkarnaen's perfectly-timed run in a flash and once through, there was never any real doubt the midfielder would beat PHEM keeper, which he did with a precise shot into the corner to lead 2-1.
Within 10 minutes after that goal, kroniz had scored again. With Kroniz had plenty of men forward Zukarnaen appeared to do everything right, Kroniz are relying on Zulkernaen at a crucial stage of the game and there could only be concerned frowns on the home bench as Zulkernaen bicycle kick shot that turned into a goal for a 3-1 lead.
A corner for PHEM in the 60th minute, ensuring the PHEM players was guarded as tight as possible however when a header eventually came flew into the far corner to close the gap 3-2.
For a player that had not scored on this ground before Jamri had offered so little in the opening minute but it was a quite astonishing change of fortunes. He took advantage of the huge holes now apparent in the PHEM rearguard, a long range finish following a corner to make it 4-2. An astonishing game which ended another win for Kroniz.
A truly astonishing afternoon exploded into life once with both sides played fast and hard soccer in a wet and slippery field however PTEM had put the themselves in front in the 25th minute. Given that backdrop, PHEM could have been forgiven for thinking it was 'job done' with the goal.
But then, Kroniz were at their best, they monopolised early possession and could have been in front when Rahim turned onto an off-target zainal effort and fired a first-time shot over the bar from six yards.
At about that point, PTEM's world imploded. Their goalkeeper failed to keep out routine shots from Aliuddin just before the interval to make it 1-1.
In the second half, Bob spotted Zulkarnaen's perfectly-timed run in a flash and once through, there was never any real doubt the midfielder would beat PHEM keeper, which he did with a precise shot into the corner to lead 2-1.
Within 10 minutes after that goal, kroniz had scored again. With Kroniz had plenty of men forward Zukarnaen appeared to do everything right, Kroniz are relying on Zulkernaen at a crucial stage of the game and there could only be concerned frowns on the home bench as Zulkernaen bicycle kick shot that turned into a goal for a 3-1 lead.
A corner for PHEM in the 60th minute, ensuring the PHEM players was guarded as tight as possible however when a header eventually came flew into the far corner to close the gap 3-2.
For a player that had not scored on this ground before Jamri had offered so little in the opening minute but it was a quite astonishing change of fortunes. He took advantage of the huge holes now apparent in the PHEM rearguard, a long range finish following a corner to make it 4-2. An astonishing game which ended another win for Kroniz.
Sunday 9 May 2010
8 Mei: Bab saw his Kroniz side played with devastating style against SOAS Fc at SOAS Field. But perhaps more importantly for the manager is to win after two heavy defeats. The returned of Gnal after a month out of action due to injuries probably played a part in the win hehe.
Alinordi scored his first hattrick of the season while Gnoh and Asri also weighed in with a brace for Kroniz to secured a comfortable 5 -2 victory.
Kroniz dominate the first half with kroniz keeper Jul played an inspiring display to keep the goal intact. Asri found the net after being released by Nizam, in the 10 minutes to led 1-0. However, SOAS Fc pulled a goal back two minutes from the first half whistle to tie the score 1-1 in the first half.
In the second half, Kroniz maintained the momentum and SOAS FC again found themselves on the back foot with Alinordi firing on target following good link up play involving Gnoh and Arch.
Kroniz went 3-1 ahead in the 70th minute when Gnoh was left unmarked as Asri swung in a corner. He scored with a firm downward header and the ball crossed the line.
SOAS fc responded immediately making it 3-2 in the 75th minute when the SOAS striker shot from a distance with Jul out of position.
Kroniz extended their lead in the 80th minute after alinordi got on the end of a free-kick from Bab.
Kroniz went further ahead in the 85th minute with Alinordi shrugging off a couple of half-hearted challenges before sending a shot beyond the despairing SOAS keeper. The final score Kroniz 5- SOAS Fc 2.
Alinordi scored his first hattrick of the season while Gnoh and Asri also weighed in with a brace for Kroniz to secured a comfortable 5 -2 victory.
Kroniz dominate the first half with kroniz keeper Jul played an inspiring display to keep the goal intact. Asri found the net after being released by Nizam, in the 10 minutes to led 1-0. However, SOAS Fc pulled a goal back two minutes from the first half whistle to tie the score 1-1 in the first half.
In the second half, Kroniz maintained the momentum and SOAS FC again found themselves on the back foot with Alinordi firing on target following good link up play involving Gnoh and Arch.
Kroniz went 3-1 ahead in the 70th minute when Gnoh was left unmarked as Asri swung in a corner. He scored with a firm downward header and the ball crossed the line.
SOAS fc responded immediately making it 3-2 in the 75th minute when the SOAS striker shot from a distance with Jul out of position.
Kroniz extended their lead in the 80th minute after alinordi got on the end of a free-kick from Bab.
Kroniz went further ahead in the 85th minute with Alinordi shrugging off a couple of half-hearted challenges before sending a shot beyond the despairing SOAS keeper. The final score Kroniz 5- SOAS Fc 2.
9 aside friendly
28 April; With two heavy defeats in a row Kronizs turned their attention into a different ball game of 9 aside football at at DMW Primary school at Lambak. The friendly with ECA Dept was played in a wet condition but the artificial pitch does not impact the quality of the game. Kroniz started brighty in the game with a one nil lead however the inexperience of playing a 9 aside football cost kroniz the game. A few time kroniz's players try to pull offside traps in a game of no offside. The game see-saw with lots of goals from both side. The game ended with 12 -8 to ECA dept however the score line did not matters as both side have a fun outing. Asri Kroniz player score at five goals in the game to the extend that he damage his shoe.
Another game another heavy defeat.
24 April: Today saw kroniz fought with guts in a game against The Ministry of Religious Affairs (MORA) at Kebajikan Field. MORA is preparing themselves for the inter ministry tournament, one of the biggest sporting events in Brunei. On the bright side in this game most of Kroniz players is available. The game started brightly for kroniz however the players just could not convert the chances available. MORA on the other hand, played with determination to show that they are one of the strongest team among the Ministries. Luck was not on kroniz side and finally the gave up in the second half. MORA took advantage of the situation and the final score was another heavy defeat with the score line 5-0.
Ripin friends FC demolish kroniz
16 April: Kroniz Fc could not survive the on slough of Ripin Frineds FC (RFFC) with a demoralizing defeat of 4 -0 at MD Field. With only nine players available for the game kroniz were at disadvantage throughout the game. Kroniz did fought bravely throughout the game. For kroniz's the numbers just doesn't matter. In fact the sheer determination of the players to subdue RFFC earned the respect of the opponent. With the scoreline 0-0 in the first half Kroniz only broke down in the second half. An injured Kroniz player Gnal watching from the sideline commented that " throughtout the game kroniz played as if there were 11 players in the field its heart broken when all you could do is watch the game from the sideline and could not even play however I'll be back" he said.
Cerita minyak dan sempadan
A tale of two oil blocks
By LEONG SHEN-LI
newsdesk@thestar.com.my
The 2009 agreement between Malaysia and Brunei over territorial dispute has come under intense criticism for supposedly putting the former at a disadvantage. But is the picture being painted the correct one?
THE historic Exchange of Letters between Brunei and Malaysia, which ended two decades of territorial dispute between the two countries, was controversial from the day one.
Reporters who covered the March 16 event in Brunei last year and had filed their stories with their respective papers were stumped on their flight home – headlines like “Brunei denies Malaysia’s Limbang story” and “Limbang issue never discussed” were splashed across Bruneian newspapers available on the plane.
Just two days before, then Prime Minister Datuk Seri Abdullah Ahmad Badawi had signed the Exchange of Letters (essentially an agreement between countries) and had proudly told newsmen that Brunei had dropped its claim over Limbang in Sarawak as a result of the agreement.
But the Bruneian newspapers, quoting Brunei’s Foreign Affairs and Trade Minister II Pehin Lim Jock Seng, effectively denied Abdullah’s version of the agreement.
A little more than a year later, the agreement is still creating controversy.
This time, not only is the status of Limbang being questioned. The other major point of the agreement, that concerning the dispute over maritime territories, beneath which could lie billions of ringgit worth of oil and gas, is also being scrutinised.
The severe lack of information concerning the agreement has created opportunities to fan confusion and emotions among Malaysians. But thanks to the recent prodding by Tun Dr Mahathir Mohamad, the Government has been forced to let more details out into the public domain.
With the information now available, it may be possible to see if Malaysia has benefited from the deal, or otherwise.
Let’s deal with the Limbang issue first. Brunei’s Lim was right to say that nowhere in the 2009 agreement was the word “Limbang” mentioned.
Reacting to Brunei’s denial, Datuk Seri Dr Rais Yatim, who was then Foreign Minister, confirmed that Limbang was not mentioned in the agreement.
“But what was agreed to was for five historical border treaties between Brunei and Sarawak to be adhered to. This effectively makes the Limbang issue no more,” he said.
Two of the five treaties – one signed in 1920 and the other in 1933 – directly concerned Limbang. They established the border between Limbang and Brunei where it is today. As the border now places Limbang inside Malaysia, Brunei’s act of agreeing to follow the two agreements effectively means it agreed to let Limbang remain Malaysian. Once the demarcation of the border is completed, Limbang would be without question part of Sarawak.
So why the initial uproar by Brunei? One view is that it was not too happy with Malaysia quickly saying that it had got Limbang. It is extremely sensitive to the Bruneians as its loss in 1890 resulted in the Sultanate being split into two parts.
“Furthermore, they did not go around thumping their chests saying that they now got the oil that we wanted,” one commentator said. Nevertheless, he pointed out that Brunei’s Lim did not actually deny the statement that the Sultanate had dropped its claim over Limbang, indicating that there is no doubt that the claim had been dropped.
One of the points raised recently was whether Limbang was worth trading for the two oil-rich blocks. While the suggestion of such an exchange is wrong to begin with, the importance of Malaysia getting the isolated Limbang district should still not be downplayed.
A rather interesting but possibly exaggerated scenario was given by a historian. Brunei’s claim over Limbang, he pointed out, is based on the “unfair treaty” of 1890 between its Sultan and the White Rajahs of Sarawak.
“Brunei lost Limbang in an unfair treaty. But there is a school of thought that all treaties between the White Rajahs of Sarawak and Brunei, which resulted in Brunei losing the whole of Sarawak and the west coast of Sabah, were also unfair.
“After Limbang, could Kuching – or Kota Kinabalu for that matter – be claimed?” he queried.
Maritime territorial claims
Let’s move on to the maritime territorial claims and the two oil blocks.
Malaysia’s claim over the stretch of South China Sea where the two oil-rich exploitation blocks – named Blocks L and M by Malaysia (but were named as Blocks J and K by Brunei) – are located, and which Brunei claims to be its exclusive economic zone, has been described as akin to a person claiming ownership of the front yard of his neighbour’s house.
In 1979, Malaysia published a map showing its maritime territories. Whether rightly or wrongly, the map denied Brunei most of its territorial waters.
The UN Convention of the Law of the Sea (Unclos), of which both Brunei and Malaysia are signatories, gives all countries with coastlines the right to claim territorial waters up to a certain distance from the coastline. Malaysia’s 1979 map clearly did not conform to that provision as far as Brunei’s right to territorial waters was concerned.
It took four long days after the controversy blew up – after Abdullah and Petronas had issued statements – for Malaysia’s Foreign Ministry to state unequivocally that Malaysia’s dropping of its claim over the two oil blocks and the rest of Brunei’s territorial waters was based on sound international law.
There was no “signing away” of the two blocks because Malaysia could never have owned them in the first place. It would now seem unlikely that the two blocks could have been a major bargaining chip for Malaysia to get Limbang.
Malaysia awarded a concession over the two blocks to Petronas Carigali and Murphy Oil in 2003 as an assertion of its claim over the area, just as Brunei awarded concessions to six international companies to assert its claim over the same area.
But because of the dispute over sovereignty, none of the companies could start drilling for anything.
In March 2003, Murphy’s boat was chased away by a Bruneian gunboat and the following month, the Malaysian navy sent several gunboats into the area to block the arrival of a ship owned by Total, one of the companies awarded the concession by Brunei.
It was clear that not a drop of oil or a whiff of gas could be extracted from the area without the deadlock being resolved.
For more than half of the duration of the dispute, Dr Mahathir was Prime Minister. Going by what he has been saying recently, it is no surprise that there was no breakthrough in negotiations during that time.
However, as the realisation that no one would gain if the deadlock continued, pressure to move on started mounting.
A senior diplomat familiar with the negotiations said one of the things which broke the deadlock was when Malaysia indicated that it was willing to “discuss” its claim over the disputed waters.
Compromises were made by both sides and, because of the spirit of neighbourliness and close cultural ties, the matter was finally settled in late 2008. Malaysia recognised Brunei’s ownership of the disputed waters while the legality of the land border between Sarawak and Brunei – with Limbang remaining in Malaysia – would no longer be raised again by Brunei.
Despite Brunei becoming the owner of the oil and gas from the two blocks, the 2009 agreement allowed Malaysia to jointly exploit the resources of the area for 40 years. Petronas has confirmed that it has been invited by Brunei to take part in the development of the area.
Unlike two other existing “sharing agreements” – that between Malaysia and Thailand, and Malaysia and Vietnam – the one with Brunei is unique. In the two earlier cases, sovereignty of the overlapping area is still in dispute but with Brunei, this issue has been settled.
The cake is Brunei’s but Malaysia’s got a significant slice of it. More importantly, after waiting for 20 years, the two countries no longer need to wait further to start eating it.
Leong Shen-li, the senior news editor in The Star, is one of the reporters who covered the signing of the Exchange of Letters. He also has a big fascination for border disputes.
1890: Brunei gives up Limbang to Sarawak’s second White Rajah Charles Brooke, splitting the Sultanate into two parts.
1979: Malaysia publishes map of its territorial waters. Map denies Brunei of any territorial waters in the South China Sea beyond the depth of 100 fathoms (182m), leaving Brunei with just a narrow strip of territorial waters, and claims the entire area beyond 100 fathoms as belonging to it.
1984: Brunei gains independence from Britain. It claims a 200 nautical mile exclusive economic zone which overlaps with the territorial waters claimed by Malaysia as shown in the 1979 map.
2003: Malaysia awards Petronas Carigali and Muphy Oil production contracts for the disputed Blocks L and M which lie within areas claimed by Brunei. Brunei also awards production contracts to Total, BHP Biliton and Hess for one block, and to Shell, ConocoPhilips and Mitsubishi for the other block.
March 2003: Brunei gunboats chase away Murphy Oil’s boat. One month later, Malaysian Navy gunboats prevent a Total boat from entering disputed area. All exploration work is suspended by both sides.
2009: Brunei and Malaysia sign Exchange of Letters to settle their land and maritime territorial disputes after more than 30 sessions of negotiations.
With the 2009 Exchange of Letters, Brunei and Malaysia agreed to establish their common border in two ways:
> By following five border treaties which were signed between 1920 and 1939.
> By filling the gaps not covered by the five treaties by following the “watershed” principle. This effectively means that there would not be any major deviation from the current border between Malaysia and Brunei. As Limbang is currently in Malaysian hands, there would be no change in its status once the demarcation process is completed.
1. The 1920 treaty establishes the eastern boundary of Limbang with Brunei along the entire length of the Pandaruan River.
2. The 1933 treaty establishes part of Limbang’s western boundary with Brunei along the watershed of the Brunei and Limbang Rivers “until a point west of Gadong Hill”.
3. The 2009 Exchange of Letters will fill in the gaps in the border according to the watershed principle.
By LEONG SHEN-LI
newsdesk@thestar.com.my
The 2009 agreement between Malaysia and Brunei over territorial dispute has come under intense criticism for supposedly putting the former at a disadvantage. But is the picture being painted the correct one?
THE historic Exchange of Letters between Brunei and Malaysia, which ended two decades of territorial dispute between the two countries, was controversial from the day one.
Reporters who covered the March 16 event in Brunei last year and had filed their stories with their respective papers were stumped on their flight home – headlines like “Brunei denies Malaysia’s Limbang story” and “Limbang issue never discussed” were splashed across Bruneian newspapers available on the plane.
Just two days before, then Prime Minister Datuk Seri Abdullah Ahmad Badawi had signed the Exchange of Letters (essentially an agreement between countries) and had proudly told newsmen that Brunei had dropped its claim over Limbang in Sarawak as a result of the agreement.
But the Bruneian newspapers, quoting Brunei’s Foreign Affairs and Trade Minister II Pehin Lim Jock Seng, effectively denied Abdullah’s version of the agreement.
A little more than a year later, the agreement is still creating controversy.
This time, not only is the status of Limbang being questioned. The other major point of the agreement, that concerning the dispute over maritime territories, beneath which could lie billions of ringgit worth of oil and gas, is also being scrutinised.
The severe lack of information concerning the agreement has created opportunities to fan confusion and emotions among Malaysians. But thanks to the recent prodding by Tun Dr Mahathir Mohamad, the Government has been forced to let more details out into the public domain.
With the information now available, it may be possible to see if Malaysia has benefited from the deal, or otherwise.
Let’s deal with the Limbang issue first. Brunei’s Lim was right to say that nowhere in the 2009 agreement was the word “Limbang” mentioned.
Reacting to Brunei’s denial, Datuk Seri Dr Rais Yatim, who was then Foreign Minister, confirmed that Limbang was not mentioned in the agreement.
“But what was agreed to was for five historical border treaties between Brunei and Sarawak to be adhered to. This effectively makes the Limbang issue no more,” he said.
Two of the five treaties – one signed in 1920 and the other in 1933 – directly concerned Limbang. They established the border between Limbang and Brunei where it is today. As the border now places Limbang inside Malaysia, Brunei’s act of agreeing to follow the two agreements effectively means it agreed to let Limbang remain Malaysian. Once the demarcation of the border is completed, Limbang would be without question part of Sarawak.
So why the initial uproar by Brunei? One view is that it was not too happy with Malaysia quickly saying that it had got Limbang. It is extremely sensitive to the Bruneians as its loss in 1890 resulted in the Sultanate being split into two parts.
“Furthermore, they did not go around thumping their chests saying that they now got the oil that we wanted,” one commentator said. Nevertheless, he pointed out that Brunei’s Lim did not actually deny the statement that the Sultanate had dropped its claim over Limbang, indicating that there is no doubt that the claim had been dropped.
One of the points raised recently was whether Limbang was worth trading for the two oil-rich blocks. While the suggestion of such an exchange is wrong to begin with, the importance of Malaysia getting the isolated Limbang district should still not be downplayed.
A rather interesting but possibly exaggerated scenario was given by a historian. Brunei’s claim over Limbang, he pointed out, is based on the “unfair treaty” of 1890 between its Sultan and the White Rajahs of Sarawak.
“Brunei lost Limbang in an unfair treaty. But there is a school of thought that all treaties between the White Rajahs of Sarawak and Brunei, which resulted in Brunei losing the whole of Sarawak and the west coast of Sabah, were also unfair.
“After Limbang, could Kuching – or Kota Kinabalu for that matter – be claimed?” he queried.
Maritime territorial claims
Let’s move on to the maritime territorial claims and the two oil blocks.
Malaysia’s claim over the stretch of South China Sea where the two oil-rich exploitation blocks – named Blocks L and M by Malaysia (but were named as Blocks J and K by Brunei) – are located, and which Brunei claims to be its exclusive economic zone, has been described as akin to a person claiming ownership of the front yard of his neighbour’s house.
In 1979, Malaysia published a map showing its maritime territories. Whether rightly or wrongly, the map denied Brunei most of its territorial waters.
The UN Convention of the Law of the Sea (Unclos), of which both Brunei and Malaysia are signatories, gives all countries with coastlines the right to claim territorial waters up to a certain distance from the coastline. Malaysia’s 1979 map clearly did not conform to that provision as far as Brunei’s right to territorial waters was concerned.
It took four long days after the controversy blew up – after Abdullah and Petronas had issued statements – for Malaysia’s Foreign Ministry to state unequivocally that Malaysia’s dropping of its claim over the two oil blocks and the rest of Brunei’s territorial waters was based on sound international law.
There was no “signing away” of the two blocks because Malaysia could never have owned them in the first place. It would now seem unlikely that the two blocks could have been a major bargaining chip for Malaysia to get Limbang.
Malaysia awarded a concession over the two blocks to Petronas Carigali and Murphy Oil in 2003 as an assertion of its claim over the area, just as Brunei awarded concessions to six international companies to assert its claim over the same area.
But because of the dispute over sovereignty, none of the companies could start drilling for anything.
In March 2003, Murphy’s boat was chased away by a Bruneian gunboat and the following month, the Malaysian navy sent several gunboats into the area to block the arrival of a ship owned by Total, one of the companies awarded the concession by Brunei.
It was clear that not a drop of oil or a whiff of gas could be extracted from the area without the deadlock being resolved.
For more than half of the duration of the dispute, Dr Mahathir was Prime Minister. Going by what he has been saying recently, it is no surprise that there was no breakthrough in negotiations during that time.
However, as the realisation that no one would gain if the deadlock continued, pressure to move on started mounting.
A senior diplomat familiar with the negotiations said one of the things which broke the deadlock was when Malaysia indicated that it was willing to “discuss” its claim over the disputed waters.
Compromises were made by both sides and, because of the spirit of neighbourliness and close cultural ties, the matter was finally settled in late 2008. Malaysia recognised Brunei’s ownership of the disputed waters while the legality of the land border between Sarawak and Brunei – with Limbang remaining in Malaysia – would no longer be raised again by Brunei.
Despite Brunei becoming the owner of the oil and gas from the two blocks, the 2009 agreement allowed Malaysia to jointly exploit the resources of the area for 40 years. Petronas has confirmed that it has been invited by Brunei to take part in the development of the area.
Unlike two other existing “sharing agreements” – that between Malaysia and Thailand, and Malaysia and Vietnam – the one with Brunei is unique. In the two earlier cases, sovereignty of the overlapping area is still in dispute but with Brunei, this issue has been settled.
The cake is Brunei’s but Malaysia’s got a significant slice of it. More importantly, after waiting for 20 years, the two countries no longer need to wait further to start eating it.
Leong Shen-li, the senior news editor in The Star, is one of the reporters who covered the signing of the Exchange of Letters. He also has a big fascination for border disputes.
1890: Brunei gives up Limbang to Sarawak’s second White Rajah Charles Brooke, splitting the Sultanate into two parts.
1979: Malaysia publishes map of its territorial waters. Map denies Brunei of any territorial waters in the South China Sea beyond the depth of 100 fathoms (182m), leaving Brunei with just a narrow strip of territorial waters, and claims the entire area beyond 100 fathoms as belonging to it.
1984: Brunei gains independence from Britain. It claims a 200 nautical mile exclusive economic zone which overlaps with the territorial waters claimed by Malaysia as shown in the 1979 map.
2003: Malaysia awards Petronas Carigali and Muphy Oil production contracts for the disputed Blocks L and M which lie within areas claimed by Brunei. Brunei also awards production contracts to Total, BHP Biliton and Hess for one block, and to Shell, ConocoPhilips and Mitsubishi for the other block.
March 2003: Brunei gunboats chase away Murphy Oil’s boat. One month later, Malaysian Navy gunboats prevent a Total boat from entering disputed area. All exploration work is suspended by both sides.
2009: Brunei and Malaysia sign Exchange of Letters to settle their land and maritime territorial disputes after more than 30 sessions of negotiations.
With the 2009 Exchange of Letters, Brunei and Malaysia agreed to establish their common border in two ways:
> By following five border treaties which were signed between 1920 and 1939.
> By filling the gaps not covered by the five treaties by following the “watershed” principle. This effectively means that there would not be any major deviation from the current border between Malaysia and Brunei. As Limbang is currently in Malaysian hands, there would be no change in its status once the demarcation process is completed.
1. The 1920 treaty establishes the eastern boundary of Limbang with Brunei along the entire length of the Pandaruan River.
2. The 1933 treaty establishes part of Limbang’s western boundary with Brunei along the watershed of the Brunei and Limbang Rivers “until a point west of Gadong Hill”.
3. The 2009 Exchange of Letters will fill in the gaps in the border according to the watershed principle.
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